You can invest in securities to generate income, starting from any amount. Even if there is no decent income, you will gain experience in stock transactions and begin to understand the vicissitudes of the financial market. And starting from 100 thousand rubles, you can already have a more or less tangible profit, the experts interviewed by Prime are sure.
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Probably everyone has heard the word investment, many even know what it is. But in fact, according to surveys, only a few percent of Russians tried to invest their funds in stocks, bonds and other securities. For comparison, in the United States, the share of private investors exceeds 50%.
Why is this happening? The citizens themselves cite the lack of free funds as the main reason - in order to invest, it is necessary to cover basic needs, for which most of the income goes. Analysts, however, talk about low financial literacy, because even small funds can be disposed of profitably if you know how. In any case, investing them is wiser than keeping them "under the pillow" and fearing inflation, denomination or default.
According to BKS Premier investment strategist Alexander Bakhtin, as much as possible, one should try to create a personal savings strategy based on a personal financial plan (PFP), which will take into account goals, timing, investment currency, investment profile and, of course, the possibilities of a private investor.
"Even if we are talking about relatively small amounts, say, 5-10 thousand rubles per month, regular delivery of funds with proper discipline and a competent approach will allow you to form a portfolio that, as the" mass "gains, can be expanded and diversified in such a way as to maximize bring the financial goal closer, ”he says.
Investing small amounts regularly has several benefits. Firstly, this way you can gain experience relatively painlessly, in this case it is psychologically easier to make a decision than when investing a large amount. Secondly, regular small investments in an asset, for example, the US dollar or the shares of a certain company, allow the cost of the acquired asset to be averaged, which helps to neutralize the effect of erroneous transactions.
“Another thing is that the profitability will correspond to the investments, therefore the optimal history is the monthly replenishment of the brokerage account for an amount convenient for the investor. For someone it can be 500 rubles, for someone - 5-10 thousand, but the algorithm is important constancy: regardless of the circumstances, you need to replenish a conditional investment wallet every month, since this is an investment in the future, "advises Alexey Krichevsky, an expert at the Academy of Finance and Investment Management.
STARTING FROM RUBLE
Experts point out that there is no minimum investment amount. The cheapest securities on the Moscow Exchange cost from 100 rubles, that is, you can invest a very minimal amount. Some brokers offer funds starting at RUB. However, more or less tangible income can be obtained by investing - albeit not immediately - an amount of 100 thousand rubles or more.
If you do not count on a tangible financial result, then it is quite possible to start investing today with an amount of about 150-200 thousand rubles, says Yan Art, an expert at XCritical.
"On Russian brokerage floors, you will have access to almost any instrument (including the world's blue chips), except for derivative ones. It is better to start with stocks, since with these instruments, if successful, the result will be more tangible even with a small amount," he advises.
Of course, Google shares can hardly be bought for such an amount, but the securities of many blue chips are quite affordable even for small investors: for example, Nokia - about $ 5, Macy's - about $ 7, Boeing - about $ 170, Apple - 90 dollars, Starbucks - 70-80 dollars, Facebook - 150 dollars, Airbus - 55 dollars, Lukoil - 65 dollars, Ford - 7 dollars, Sberbank - 12 dollars. A simple calculation shows that even with an amount of 200 thousand rubles, you are able to form a portfolio from a couple of dozen issuers.
According to the leading financial expert of the School for the Study of Financial Markets "Gramotey" Kira List, companies of food retailers, the pharmaceutical sector, and, of course, food and alcohol companies will be promising regardless of the economic situation and the pandemic. By distributing the available amount across these sectors, it will be possible to save and earn not only in a calm, but also in the probable "second wave" of the pandemic.
Experts explain the reasons for the sharp surge in Russian interest in foreign shares
DISPUTED INSTRUMENTS
Analysts differ on other instruments.
According to Bakhtin, units of mutual funds, due to their availability and liquidity, can become an effective investment object with regular investment.
In turn, Krichevsky believes that mutual funds in Russia are the last place for investments.
"In order not to go into details, the managers do not have the task of providing greater profitability. They are interested in the commission and the percentage equal to the profitability of the Mosbirzhi index," he explained.
As for bonds, they are convenient for beginners in that they are quite easy to manage, and the income on them is definitely higher than on deposits. But with small investments, you should not count on a decent profit, at least not right away.
Another instrument is an individual investment account (IIA) - it includes a number of issuers, and buyers are entitled to a tax deduction. According to Krichevsky, this is a story for long-term investments, and it disciplines to a certain extent, since you cannot withdraw money from the IIA in order to receive a tax deduction. But for many, this can be a disadvantage.
Another alternative to a deposit is investing in an ETF (exchange traded fund). Each such fund has an underlying asset, which are stocks, bonds, commodities, etc. To enter the fund, you need to open a brokerage account or the same IIS and make transactions in the usual way.The main disadvantage of this approach is the limited number of ETFs available in Russia.
"The second way is to open an account with a foreign broker. In this case, it becomes possible to invest in a significantly larger number of funds, but there is an obligation to submit a 3-NDFL declaration to the tax. In addition, you can invest in ETFs by purchasing units of mutual funds, which include this exchange tool. But this is the most disadvantageous method because it entails high commission costs, "says List.
At the same time, you need to start investing first of all with training, so as not to lose your money, advises Krichevsky. Ideally, it is worth studying financial literacy, financial planning, superficial analysis of securities, and gaining some skills in building logical chains of events that may affect the investor's assets. At the very beginning of the path, you can limit yourself to financial literacy and the basics of financial planning, and at the same time determine the investment horizons.
If you are lazy or have no time to study, you can give the funds to the management of brokers or a management company. But you will have to share income with them, and the issue of trust remains relevant. One way or another, on small amounts it is better to train yourself in order to navigate the market yourself.
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